Causality is a branch of statistics which economists specialise in. It lets us study all kinds of interesting questions, like the impact of minimum wage on jobs, an extra year of education on income, whether a drug works, smoking bans on smoking rates, pornography on sexual assault.

Let's talk through causal analysis intuitively as well as nerding out on causality theory, e.g. the work of Judea Pearl.

See A Crash Course in Good and Bad Controls (2022), The Book of Why (2019) and Causality (2009).